Onion Onion
attention: [98]
habits
onions, also known as cones onion, onion, onions, onion, Allium lily family, is 2 years old herbs. Say about the origin of the onion many, but most believe that onions produced in the Southwest Asia Central Asia, Asia Minor, Iran, Afghanistan likely to plateau, as can be found in these areas since the wild-type onions.
onions have been the origin of 5,000 years of history, 1000 BC spread to Egypt, spread to the Mediterranean region after the 16th century into the United States, to Japan the 17th century, early 20th century into China.
onion is widely distributed in our country, both north and south cultivated, and cultivated area is still expanding, China is one of the main cultivated vegetables. China has become the large amount of onion production in four countries (China, India, USA, Japan), one of China’s growing areas are mainly Shandong, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and other places.
onions as originating in the continental climate zone, the local climate of rapid change, air dry, and soil moisture have significant seasonal variation, so the system development process, onion as long to adapt to this special environment, not only in the form of corresponding changes – shortening of the stem plate, like wet roots, drought-tolerant leaf type, with storage function of the bulbs, but also physically have a certain adaptability in the vegetative stage, requiring cool temperatures, moderate-intensity light Zhao, loose, fertile, soil water and strong, low air humidity, high soil moisture, and show cold, wet hi, hi fat characteristics, not heat, light, drought and poor high temperature into the long-day period of dormancy when Zhao.
onions for consumption mast bulbs underground parts (ie, onion), according to their skin color can be divided into white skin, yellow and red in three ways: a small white bulb types, the appearance of white or light green, soft and juicy and spicy leaves light, good quality, suitable for eating raw.
people often fear their unique spicy aroma , while in foreign countries it as the with leaves; after storage, do not soft, not bolting, scales close, less water content, strong spicy and sweet is better.
nutrients
onion bulbs with hypertrophy of the meat is edible organs, nutrition rich, It is measured per 100 grams of fresh water containing 88 g onion about 1-1.8 grams of protein, fat 0.3-0.5 g, 5-8 grams of carbohydrates, crude fiber 0.5 g, dry coke 130 calories, 12 mg calcium, phosphorus 46 mg, iron 0.6 mg vitamin C14 mg, niacin 0.5 mg, 0.05 mg riboflavin, thiamine 0.08 mg, 1.2 mg of carrot L prime. also contains caffeic acid, sinapic acid, cinnamic acid, citric acid salt , polysaccharides and amino acids. volatile oil is rich in allicin, thiols, three sulfides, etc. buds, pollen, anthers, etc. inclusive of carotene. onion-induced tears component is a ring alliin, S-contained within the onion propenyl-L-histidine semi dirty is part of sulfur hydride precursor alliin, in alkaline conditions, the ring can ring synthetic alliin.
health effects
1. onion with cold divergence of role, because onion bulbs and leaves contain a propylene sulfide as volatile oily, with Sim Jane spicy, this substance can cold, against influenza virus, has a strong bactericidal effect;
2. Onion nutritious, and pungent smell. can stimulate the stomach, intestine and digestive gland secretion, increase appetite, promote digestion, and the onions without fat, the oil can lower cholesterol containing a mixture of sulfur compounds can be used to treat indigestion, loss of appetite appetite, food product within the park embolism;
3. onion is only known with prostaglandin A’s. prostaglandin A can dilate blood vessels, reducing blood viscosity, and thus will have lower blood pressure, can reduce the peripheral vascular and increase coronary blood flow, prevention of thrombosis. catecholamines in the human body against substances such as boost the role, but also promote excretion of sodium, so that the blood pressure, regular consumption of high blood pressure, high cholesterol and cardiovascular disease have health effects;
4. onions have some refreshing effect, it helps cells utilize glucose better, and reduce blood sugar, energy supply of brain cells, diabetes, the patient’s diet consciousness Weidun Vegetable;
5 inflammatory onion contains a name, cell growth, which has anti-cancer effects;
6. onion contains selenium is a strong antioxidant that can eliminate free radicals, enhance cell viability and metabolism, has anti-cancer anti-aging effects;
7. Onions also contain some calcium, in recent years, Rui Shike Pok home that eat onions can increase bone density, help prevent and treat osteoporosis;
8. Onion contains phytoncide such as allicin, which has a strong bactericidal ability. chewing raw onions can prevent colds.
modern physicians Pok study also showed that onion contains selenium Selenium is an antioxidant, it’s special role is to make the body produce large amounts of glutathione, glutathione is the physiological role of oxygen for cellular respiration, the human body selenium content increased, the incidence of cancer will be greatly reduced, so the onion is a health food.
Onion also has a hypoglycemic effect, because onions contain a sulfonamide with hypoglycemic drugs similar small pulse of organic matter, and in the human body can generate a strong diuretic effect of skin Ku factors in diabetes patients 25 per meal to 50 grams of onion can play a better role in lowering blood glucose and diuretic.
phytoncide onion in addition to stimulate appetite, help digestion, but also because it is through the respiratory tract, urinary tract, sweat glands discharge, can stimulate the pipe wall secretion, so there are expectorant, diuretic, sweating, flu prevention and antimicrobial preservative.
onions in sugar, protein and various inorganic salts, vitamins and other nutrients on metabolism play a role, better regulation nerves, increase memory, the volatile components have a strong stimulation of appetite, help digestion, promote the absorption of other functions. contains diallyl disulfide, and allicin, but also can reduce blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels , which can play a role in preventing hardening of the arteries.
onion and warm, spicy Gan there expectorant, diuretic, stomach intestines, detoxification of pesticides and other functions. can cure loss of appetite, poor stool, diarrhea, enteritis, parasitic diseases, abdominal pain, ulcers, wounds, vaginal discharge and other symptoms Chibai Onion contains prostaglandin A, has a significant antihypertensive effect, a sulfur containing similar substances in urine have some small hypoglycemic effect. can inhibit the high fat diet-induced lipid increased to prevent and treat atherosclerosis. onion extract also has bactericidal effect, can increase the tension of the gastrointestinal tract, increased gastrointestinal secretion. onion in a peptide material can reduce the incidence of cancer.
[onion can prevent osteoporosis]
housewives do not like to cook with the onions, processed will tears flow, many people are afraid of onions unless craft superb onion is cooking, or really hard to find those who love the onion but want to make their bones strong, tall body, the prevention of bone loose disease, it is best to eat onions or nose obediently it because authoritative journal prevent bone loss as a vegetable. onions to prevent bone loss results, even more than the bone loose disease treatment drug average increase of 13.5-18%. Another set of experiments found that, for rats eating food containing onion mixed vegetables, can reduce bone loss problems. The third set of experiments is to allow removal of the ovaries of female rats to eat 1.5 grams per day the onion, reduce the rate of bone loss results by 25% more noteworthy is that the health benefits of onion in just 12 hours to see the researchers believe the effect may come from the onion , so the health of people want to use onions, on a day may eat 200-300 grams (10 ounces) onion, crisp and to be able to prevent bone disease. Medical and Edible, in our daily food, there are a lot of fruits and vegetables are with the efficacy of drug-like; ultimately, the Western side dishes like onion, its health benefits is simply beyond imagination. onions, scrambled eggs, or beef and onion are delicious healthy food; and raw onions can also be used eat or drink juice, according to doctors Pok experiments, it can bring a variety of magical effects.
[onions]
to prevent high cholesterol, according to Harvard Medical School cardiologist, Professor Ke Duoge Pok Greenwich Dr. Chelsea , half raw onion a day, or drink the same amount of onion juice, the average increase heart disease by about 30% of HDL levels (HDL high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, one is considered to help prevent atherosclerosis in cholesterol, is also a good cholesterol.) half raw onion a day, or drink the same amount of onion juice, in order to protect the heart, which was originally a folk remedies, Keduoboshi in their own clinic patients to experiment to prove that onion does there enhance the efficacy of good cholesterol, but the more mature onions cook, the less the effect that.
[onions]
Keduoboshi to break down fat in the heart clinic every day to eat onions, found in onions contains compounds can prevent platelet aggregation, and accelerated dissolution of blood clots, so if you enjoy high-fat food, preferably with a little onion, will help offset the high-fat foods cause blood clots; so steak with onions that usually eat, it is justified.
onions may prevent gastric cancer] [
onion and garlic, green onions, leeks these Allium vegetables, due to the presence of anti-cancer substances curb, according to researchers Shandong Province in China, where a high gastric cancer prevalence survey found that when the onions to eat more, the lower the chance of stomach cancer.
[asthma]
onion against onion can contain at least three anti- inflammation of Pok natural substances to treat asthma because of the onion can inhibit the activity of histamine, and histamine is a kind of allergies cause asthma symptoms of Pok material; According to the German study, onion can lower risk of asthma attacks by half about.
[onions]
diabetes a long time ago, onion has been used to treat diabetes, to the modern, medical Pok also proved that onions can indeed lower blood sugar; and whether raw or cooked food, are equally effective. The original onion there is a kind of anti-diabetic compounds, similar to the commonly used oral hypoglycemic agent A sulfur-butylamine, stimulate insulin synthesis and release of the role.
there are many other effects [onion]
also the magical onion more than these, in their daily lives, onions can also be used to combat insomnia: the chopped onion placed on the pillow, onion-specific stimulus components will play a calm nerves, seductive sleep magic. when a cold drink Add the onion hot miso soup, fever sweating very soon, if nasal congestion, to a small piece of onion against the nostril, onion odor stimulus, will lead to smooth the nose up moment, if coughing, chopped onion wrapped in gauze, coverage in the throat to the chest can also be quickly suppressed cough.
onion planting
onion is a resistance to transport, storage-resistant common vegetables, edible fleshy part of the mast bulbs, have a special Hot & Spicy, can increase appetite, cure many diseases; not only resistant to storage can also be processed into export dehydrated vegetables, fresh onion stems according to skin color can be divided into red, yellow and white three; by bulb shape can be divided into flat-shaped, oblong shaped, long-shaped cones, cones and oval-shaped five. sooner or later cooked with different shaped cones sex-related, more general form of flat cones, mature sex sooner. planting different varieties of onions, there are large differences in yield, cooked flat of early species, generally yield 1,500 kg; in the late-maturing varieties generally yield 2000m4000 kg per mu in the economic benefits of planting onions 1000m2000 yuan. and easy to manage, adjust agricultural planting structure is a better model is suitable as a radish, Jiecha cabbage harvest vegetables.
one, planting seedlings
(a) sowing. seeding choice based on local temperature, light Zhao and selection of varieties of cooked determined. onions on both temperature and light Zhao more sensitive, therefore, the choice of autumn sowing is very important for both to cultivate a certain degree of robust sturdy seedlings, but also to prevent the growth of seedlings before winter is too large, through vernalization phase, the second year in the spring appeared to bolting. Luohe areas are typically planted in Japan on September 10m20, 50m60 days to master the seedling age.
(b) of seedbed preparation. seedbed should choose the higher ground, to facilitate drainage and irrigation, soil fertility, in recent years, no onion and garlic crops planted terraces to neutral loam is appropriate.
seedbed should not be too much to base fertilizer amount, to avoid excessive growth of seedlings, seedbed general organic fertilizer per 100 square meters 300 kg, over phosphorus calcium 5m10 kg. Gengpa 2m3 times, the basal and fully mixed with the soil mix evenly, about 15 cm depth of cultivated land and then raked farming thin, made of wide 1.5m1.6 meters long 7m10-meter plot, can be planted seedlings.
(c) the seeding method. sowing methods are generally drill and sow two kinds.
1, drilling: first in the seedbed Qimian open 9m10 cm spacing on the minor groove, Goushen 1.5m2 cm, sowing seeds after the casing with a broom sweep, and then leg muscles will be planting trench soil step on smth. real, then watering.
2, sow: the first foot of water poured in seedbed, after infiltration spread a thin layer of fine soil, then sow the seeds, and then casing 1.5 cm.
order to accelerate the emergence , can be soaking germination, soaking with cold water soaking 12 hours, remove and dry when not bonded to the seed sown; germination is then placed in 18m25 ℃ soaking temperature of germination, seed cleaning once a day, until the buds when exposed can be planted.
(d) seeding rate. the amount of seed and seedlings before bolting robust and has a relationship, the density is too high, thin seedlings, the density is too thin, too thick seedling growth, easier bolting Generally every 100 square meters of seedbed area sown seeds 600m700 grams. seedbed area and the ratio of field planting, usually 1:15 m20.
(E) seedling management. seedbed after sowing must be kept moist to prevent soil panel results affected seed germination and emergence To wait until the first true leaf seedlings grow only after the proper control of water when the young stems grow about 4m6 cm, the formation of the arcuate, known as the , referred to as sowing before the end of the water shortage or water, usually after sowing the seedlings excavated to water 2m3 times.
watering the seedlings with fertilizer to promote seedling growth. the amount of fertilizer per acre of nitrogen fertilizer 10m15 kilograms, or composting human waste 1000m1300 kg.
issued 1m2 true leaves, seedlings, timely weeding and thinning, to maintain the seedlings from 3m4 to sow cm, drilling of about 3 centimeters.
Second, the preparation Fertilizers
onions should not even be, nor with the other onion and garlic vegetable cropping. onion roots shallow, absorptive capacity is weak, so the land should not be deep, but requires fine. autumn cultivation, after the Previous Crops harvested cropland, tillage depth 15 cm around arable land after row raked Zuoqi, the size of plot based on the climate and land irrigation and drainage conditions, the generally built 2 meters wide, 10 meters wide and long stretch, to improve land utilization and increase unit area of ​​planting trees. For the intercropping, crop intercropping should be based on the requirements, determine the width of furrow.
land before planting with good facilities basal, basal application rate should be based on soil fertility and different types of basal decision can be applied per acre is generally high-quality composting manure 1330m3340 kg, and then mixed with calcium over phosphorus 16m20 kg and the amount of potassium using basic fertilizer, to take common applicator, and then rake in the land even when the full mix, so that Soil and fertilizer mixing.
three planting
(a) classification selected seedlings. To select a root system when planting, growing robust, seedlings of uniform size; out leggy seedlings, dwarf seedlings, diseased seedlings, M. Miao, excessive growth of small seedlings and where seedling height and diameter grading, generally divided into three levels: height 15 cm, 0.8 cm thick; two height 12 cm, about 0.7 cm thick; three height 10 cm, 0.6 cm thick around the same size classification after the seedlings can be planted together for category management, to promote the growth of the field line.
(b) the planting density. onion plants upright, rational close planting increased yield significantly, is one of the key measures onion yield Generally spacing 15m18 cm, spacing 10m13 cm, about 30,000 per acre can be planted should be based on species, soil fertility and seedling size to determine the density of planting, general early varieties should be close, red varieties should be thin, poor soil fertility should be close, seedlings should be rare. to maintain the head in a certain size onion premise, to the maximum density of planting.
(c) planting time in autumn planting time to resume growth after planting, roots can not grow the plants for winter appropriate. early planting, the plants began to grow, winter seedlings is too large, prone to bolting the second year of the phenomenon; late planting, root not yet resumed growth, susceptible to frost damage. 30m40 generally cold days before the arrival of planting appropriate. Luohe time for planting areas are typically the end of October to early November.
four field management
(a) watering. onion planting After about 20 days into the Huanmiao, because lower temperatures when planting, it is not a lot of watering, watering too much will reduce the ground temperature, so the young trees Huanmiao slow while planting seedlings just sprouting new roots yet, they can not be missing water, so watering at this stage the number of onions to be more every time the number of watering less, the general principle is not to grasp the seedlings wilt, do not make the ground dry, the hair root in order to promote rapid seedling survival.
Qiuzai onion seedlings survived after entering the winter, planting onion seedlings to ensure the safety of winter, winter will timely pouring water turn green after the winter, into the stem and leaf growth stage, this stage of the water requirements, both water and promote growth, but also control the water, to prevent excessive growth. control watering method called dark green outer leaves of seedlings, wax increased leaf thickening, darkening leaf, that is the end of Dunmiao start watering. After days of pouring a generally every 8m9 of water, wet the soil dry, see see, to promote plant growth, the purpose to prevent leggy plants. 7m8 days before harvest to stop watering.
(B) fertilization. onion requirements for fertilizer, nitrogen per acre to be 13m15 kg, phosphorus 8m10 kg, potassium 10m12 kg.
onion planting After not dressing to Huanmiao former general, winter after winter with pouring water, human waste 1000m1300 kg per acre, when combined with water to turn green in spring turning green water, Zaishi turn green manure.
(c) Row crop cultivators. loose soil for onion root development and enlargement of the bulb are beneficial to the 3m4 times normal seedling, combined after each watering; stem the growing season for 2m3 times, to stop the plant after sealing ridge cultivator. cultivator depth to about 3 cm is appropriate, given at the plant to light away from the place to plant deep.
(d) apart from sprouts for early bolting onions, before the formation of the flower cones, cut off from the lower buds, or from the flower stalk tip separated from the next tear two, to prevent the consumption of nutrients flowering to promote bud growth, the formation of a more substantial bulb has proved, for the plants bolting to take measures in addition to sprouts, can obtain a certain output .
five pest control
onion downy mildew diseases are common, purpura, wasting disease, rot, etc., a kind of common pest flies, thrips, spider mites, grubs, mole crickets, etc. during the field management, we should carefully observe the incidence of various pests and diseases, and found that pest damage, prevention and treatment to consumers in a timely manner, to take the physical, biological, chemical bund method of combining prevention and treatment, to ensure the healthy growth of onion seedlings to achieve the purpose of high-yield harvest .
six harvest
onion harvest is generally in late May to early June when the onion leaves from the bottom up gradually began to turn yellow, become soft and start off down the stem-like; bulbs to stop swelling, outer leather quality, sleep stage, marking the bulb is mature, it should be timely harvest.
onions drying in the fields after harvest 2m3 days can be directly listed on the roots were cut, and the bulb at the upper cut off the stem, that is can be mounted baskets for sale. For storage of onions, then do not stem, seven eighty percent when the leaves dry, the stems and leaves can be woven into braids, hanging in the air, cool, dry place, called the hanging onions, or bags basket storage.
onion harvest standardized product specifications vegetables postharvest technology
classification and distribution of part of operational procedures, vegetables after China’s accession to the WTO objective of goods in international competition requirements are briefly described below the onion harvest product standardization processing.
1 standard use of Pok
harvest pesticides, harvest is prohibited in the security market during the interval, while in 7 to 10 days before harvest to stop irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer. generally in the bulb fully swollen, chlorotic leaves turn yellow, 2 / 3 soft stem plants fake lodging, bulb dry skin and showed a variety of unique colors, dead root mass start, began to enter the sleep state, the election sunny pull close in time, avoid mechanical damage. field use containers should be clean, smooth inner table, flat edge of the basket of each vine (bamboo) and the tail section of the first paragraph are toward the outside of the basket, do not force the dumping of the product or thrown into the container, to ensure that the damage reduced to a minimum.
2 product level product requirement specifications
onion is of good quality, clean and hygienic, fresh and identification of its sensory quality standard for the breed with the shape and color, bulb tight No sub-cones split cones, no rot or bolting, no pest damage, moderate leaf sheath and root removal, and not fall off outside the thin, moderately dry, sand and other foreign matter is not attached to a diameter of 8cm above, no smell.
3 Try not to pre-
bruised onion harvest to reduce the storage period due to wound infection and decay. directly after harvest allowed outside the skin dry before handling or storage, such as weather conditions permit, be in the ground directly from the bottom cut off, smoothing dry, with its dry stems and leaves above ground coverage products to prevent sunburn. baptized as rain or farm field can not be caused by callus, the application of hot air forced ventilation to callus, the temperature remains at 35 ~ 45 ℃, relative humidity 60% ~ 75%, the dry skin layer of the product can no longer water loss during storage. calli after the cut off the roots and stems can be directly listed. for storage, and once dried onion epidermal , leaf drying to seventy-eight thousands, the braiding storage or onion neck stay 6 ~ 10cm leaf tip, the other cut, mounted baskets storage or stacked, to prevent rain To prevent the storage period sprout germination, can be harvested 0.25% two weeks before the spraying of green fresh prime, prime with green fresh warm water by adding 15 ~ 20 ℃ 100 ~ 150g soap powder to melt, 667 square meters with liquid 50kg.
4 classification
excluded from pre-out bulb rot disease, small bulbs, which do not meet the standards and a sense of pest plants, will meet the standard specifications of the product by size classification, the best products for packaging sales.
class the same species, fresh stem complete, solid, color, normal, outside of the two scales, top bulbs, bulbs and other parts of the plate are fully dry, well-renovated, fresh clean scaleless buds, smell, rot, soil debris, pests and mechanical injury. residues of harmful substances in the standard value or less. quality requirements: the number of those who failed no more than 5%, and the successful applicants should meet the two criteria, rot shall not exceed 0.5% by weight grading does not meet the requirements of a no more than 10%.
onion cultivation and distribution market 2008-11-26 16:56
introduced
Jilin Province Jilin m origin of onions grown mainly in Yanji City. Yanji City, Jilin Province is located in the east, and map are close to, belong to the Yanbian Autonomous is an important onion growing areas of Jilin Province, planted ten Ji-year history of the onion acreage in 2007 of 700 hectares, this and the local climatic conditions are closely related , Yanji City, located 42 to 44 degrees north latitude, 129 to 130 degrees east longitude, with an average elevation of 50 meters, average annual rainfall of 500 to 600 mm, is a maritime climate, the annual July and August, rainfall is relatively concentration, obtained under the long years of observation, these two months in the 100-150 mm rainfall between entering in September, the rainfall dropped sharply, and quickly reduced to 80 mm. Zhao time on May 3,4,5 up in 7-8 hours, the lowest average temperature in January 1961 to 1990, according to the observational data, in January the average minimum and maximum temperatures were -14.0 ℃ and -7.1 ℃ .8 month the highest temperature, average minimum and maximum temperatures were 21.2 ℃ and 26.9 ℃. the area is usually mid-February each year beginning in late breeding, planting in late April, 22000 – 23000 per acre. The ground onion head is generally small, but high quality, resistance to storage of Well, the way border trade mainly through the export of the Russian market, as well as some exported to South Korea, Japan, Southeast Asia market.
Heilongjiang – Origin introduction
Heilongjiang opt for onion origin mainly in Ha Chelsea, Chelsea is located in China opt for Ha Northeast Songnen Plain, located east longitude 122-126 degrees north latitude and 45 to 48 degrees east and Suihua Daqing, Jilin Baicheng area south, west of Inner Mongolia, call Lunbei thou Union, the North and the Black River, bordering Daxinganling, total land area of ​​42,469 square kilometers, altitude generally between 200-500 m, mainly in the plain, plain account of the total area of ​​83.7%.
introduced
Inner Mongolia Inner Mongolia m origin onion producing areas mainly In Wulanchabu, business are, Chifeng, Tongliao. Inner Mongolia are long-day varieties grown Zhao crop varieties each year of breeding in late February early March, late April early May planting, planting acres of trees 22000-25000, late August to harvest in early September. Wulanchabu Chayouzhong Inner Mongolia flag after flag, business and other places are in north latitude 41 latitude. ~ 42. between the altitude of 1300 ~ 1600 meters annual rainfall of 300 to 500 mm, annual rainfall mainly in 6,7,8,9 four months. the highest temperatures in July and August, when daytime temperatures can reach up to 22 ~ 23 ℃, the evening can be reduced to 10 ℃. early fall frost and winter trends in early October each year, the ground can be reduced to the lowest temperature 0 ℃, dry frost in April, the frost in May, almost spring, late spring Ji occur every year, generally occurs in mid to late May each year.
Gansu, Gansu m origin introduced
onion origin mainly in the wine Ka, Wuwei and Yumen areas. Gansu general characteristics of the climate resources of solar radiation is strong, light Zhao adequate wind resource-rich, cold in winter and cool in summer, the temperature difference between day and night , frost-free period is short, less precipitation, dry climate, significant differences in climate vertical, so a high quality crop and good quality.
Ka wine growing region of the onion main area-based Jiuquan Jiuquan is located in the longitude, latitude 39.10p ~ 39.59p between the altitude of 1340 meters to 2200 meters. calorie-rich region, Japan Zhao ample, the annual number of days when Zhao 3033–3317 hours, temperature, and light quality is good, energy-rich average annual temperature of 5-8 ℃, frost-free period 140-160 days, annual precipitation is 50-200 mm this year with improved onion varieties, improved cultivation techniques, onion industry was the rapid development of China’s Jiuquan onion has gradually become one of the main producing areas which production of onion, good quality, dry matter content, are exported to Russia, Japan, Korea and Southeast Asia.
Wuwei region is located east of the Hexi Corridor of Gansu Province, located at longitude 101.49p ~ 104.43p, 36.29p ~ 39.27p N , south of the Qilian Mountains, Inner Mongolia, north, southeast and Lanzhou City, Silver City, bordering the northwest and Jinchang, Zhangye adjacent meters above sea level between 1020m4874 this belonged to the typical continental climate, annual average temperature 7.8 degree’s deterrence, 60m610 mm precipitation, evaporation 1400-3010 mm, Japan Zhao hours 2200-3030 hours, frost-free period 85-165 days, solar radiation 127-138 kcal / square centimeter.
origin introduced
onion Shandong m County areas including Shandong, Jiangsu, and Shandong Weifang Peixian, Qingdao, Shandong in the east coast of China’s total land area of ​​157,000 square kilometers, nearly sea area of ​​170,000 square kilometers in latitude 36 north latitude. 38 average annual temperature of 11 ℃ ~ 14 ℃, the province’s something greater than the temperature difference between north and south areas average annual rainfall is generally 550 mm to 950 mm, decreasing from southeast to northwest. the province’s resources sufficient light Zhao, Zhao average light hours of 2300 hours to 2890 hours, the heat conditions to meet the needs of crops for year two because of precipitation 60% concentrated in the summer, it is easy to form flood, drought, winter and spring and often, the greatest impact on agricultural production which area each year around the nursery September 10, the end of November, early planting, planting 22,000 per acre. more suitable for the growth of Sino-Japanese Zhao onion varieties mainly in Japan and the local people own seed mainly because of Shandong has good storage and processing base, so the overall export volume is large, but in recent Ji, Shandong more people work outside the home, plus onions acquisition, storage, processing, increased competition, making exports of onions and quality has decreased, in contrast, other parts of northern China has gradually expanded the scale of onion.
four  m origin introduced
four  onion-producing areas is important to Xichang Xichang located in the N 101.46p ~ 102.25p, latitude 27.32p28.10p. high altitude, low latitude, sunny days and more hours and more days Zhao, Zhao is the same latitude on its high-value zone center, according to the 1951 to 1990, average daily Zhao 2432.1 hours observing months to .12 March the following year for the dry season, June to September is the rainy season. Xichang rainfall concentrated, 93% of annual rainfall concentrated in the rainy season, according to meteorological data for years, the average temperature of 17.2 ℃, 8 month high 23.8 ℃, in January minimum 9.4 ℃.
introduced
Yunnan Yunnan m origin onion origin mainly in the construction Yuanmou and water. Yuanmou located in north-central Yunnan, longitude 101.35pm102.06p, latitude 25.23pm26.06p between the total area of ​​2021.69 square kilometers. in which, dam area is 55.7%, 44.3% mountains. mazhen per county resident, altitude 1087 meters, has a good location advantage, altitude 1350 m below the valley, Pingba hot subtropical zone monsoon climate, hot and dry throughout the year almost no winter, distinct wet and dry season, adequate light and heat, Zhao 2670 hours on average, frosty 2 days, the average annual temperature is 21.9 ℃, annual rainfall 613 mm, evaporation is 6.4 times the rainfall, crops can be three crops a year. cold mountains, more than 800 mm annual rainfall, annual average temperature 13.4m16 ℃, year two crops can be cooked. Mid-level warm, the annual average temperature 15m18 ℃, two crops a year is generally cooked. Because it is low latitude plateau, with a three-dimensional climate characteristics.
Yuanmou onion is China’s first listing of onions, basically the end of February to …